'\" '\" Copyright (c) 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California. '\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. '\" '\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution '\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. '\" '\" RCS: @(#) $Id: pack.n,v 1.1.1.1 2007/07/10 15:05:16 duncan Exp $ '\" '\" The definitions below are for supplemental macros used in Tcl/Tk '\" manual entries. '\" '\" .AP type name in/out ?indent? '\" Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure. '\" type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out", '\" or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg, '\" and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be '\" needed; use .AS below instead) '\" '\" .AS ?type? ?name? '\" Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops. Type and '\" name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed '\" to .AP later. If args are omitted, default tab stops are used. '\" '\" .BS '\" Start box enclosure. From here until next .BE, everything will be '\" enclosed in one large box. '\" '\" .BE '\" End of box enclosure. '\" '\" .CS '\" Begin code excerpt. '\" '\" .CE '\" End code excerpt. '\" '\" .VS ?version? ?br? '\" Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts '\" of man pages. The first argument is ignored and used for recording '\" the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be '\" found and removed when they reach a certain age. If another argument '\" is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar. '\" '\" .VE '\" End of vertical sidebar. '\" '\" .DS '\" Begin an indented unfilled display. '\" '\" .DE '\" End of indented unfilled display. '\" '\" .SO '\" Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The '\" options follow on successive lines, in four columns separated '\" by tabs. '\" '\" .SE '\" End of list of standard options for a Tk widget. '\" '\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass '\" Start of description of a specific option. cmdName gives the '\" option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives '\" the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives '\" the option's class in the option database. '\" '\" .UL arg1 arg2 '\" Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally. '\" '\" RCS: @(#) $Id: man.macros,v 1.1.1.1 2007/07/10 15:05:16 duncan Exp $ '\" '\" # Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages. .if t .wh -1.3i ^B .nr ^l \n(.l .ad b '\" # Start an argument description .de AP .ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4 .el \{\ . ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu . el .TP 15 .\} .ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu .ie !"\\$3"" \{\ \&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3) .\".b .\} .el \{\ .br .ie !"\\$2"" \{\ \&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP .\} .el \{\ \&\\fI\\$1\\fP .\} .\} .. '\" # define tabbing values for .AP .de AS .nr )A 10n .if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n .nr )B \\n()Au+15n .\" .if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n .nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n .. .AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out '\" # BS - start boxed text '\" # ^y = starting y location '\" # ^b = 1 .de BS .br .mk ^y .nr ^b 1u .if n .nf .if n .ti 0 .if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul' .if n .fi .. '\" # BE - end boxed text (draw box now) .de BE .nf .ti 0 .mk ^t .ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul' .el \{\ .\" Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of .\" box if the box started on an earlier page. .ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\ \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' .\} .el \}\ \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' .\} .\} .fi .br .nr ^b 0 .. '\" # VS - start vertical sidebar '\" # ^Y = starting y location '\" # ^v = 1 (for troff; for nroff this doesn't matter) .de VS .if !"\\$2"" .br .mk ^Y .ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0 .el .nr ^v 1u .. '\" # VE - end of vertical sidebar .de VE .ie n 'mc .el \{\ .ev 2 .nf .ti 0 .mk ^t \h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n' .sp -1 .fi .ev .\} .nr ^v 0 .. '\" # Special macro to handle page bottom: finish off current '\" # box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard '\" # page bottom macro. .de ^B .ev 2 'ti 0 'nf .mk ^t .if \\n(^b \{\ .\" Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page, .\" draw two sides but no top otherwise. .ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c .el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c .\} .if \\n(^v \{\ .nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu \kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c .\} .bp 'fi .ev .if \\n(^b \{\ .mk ^y .nr ^b 2 .\} .if \\n(^v \{\ .mk ^Y .\} .. '\" # DS - begin display .de DS .RS .nf .sp .. '\" # DE - end display .de DE .fi .RE .sp .. '\" # SO - start of list of standard options .de SO .SH "STANDARD OPTIONS" .LP .nf .ta 5.5c 11c .ft B .. '\" # SE - end of list of standard options .de SE .fi .ft R .LP See the \\fBoptions\\fR manual entry for details on the standard options. .. '\" # OP - start of full description for a single option .de OP .LP .nf .ta 4c Command-Line Name: \\fB\\$1\\fR Database Name: \\fB\\$2\\fR Database Class: \\fB\\$3\\fR .fi .IP .. '\" # CS - begin code excerpt .de CS .RS .nf .ta .25i .5i .75i 1i .. '\" # CE - end code excerpt .de CE .fi .RE .. .de UL \\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2 .. .TH pack n 4.0 Tk "Tk Built-In Commands" .BS '\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below! .SH NAME pack \- Geometry manager that packs around edges of cavity .SH SYNOPSIS \fBpack \fIoption arg \fR?\fIarg ...\fR? .BE .SH DESCRIPTION .PP The \fBpack\fR command is used to communicate with the packer, a geometry manager that arranges the children of a parent by packing them in order around the edges of the parent. The \fBpack\fR command can have any of several forms, depending on the \fIoption\fR argument: .TP \fBpack \fIslave \fR?\fIslave ...\fR? ?\fIoptions\fR? If the first argument to \fBpack\fR is a window name (any value starting with ``.''), then the command is processed in the same way as \fBpack configure\fR. .TP \fBpack configure \fIslave \fR?\fIslave ...\fR? ?\fIoptions\fR? The arguments consist of the names of one or more slave windows followed by pairs of arguments that specify how to manage the slaves. See ``THE PACKER ALGORITHM'' below for details on how the options are used by the packer. The following options are supported: .RS .TP \fB\-after \fIother\fR \fIOther\fR must the name of another window. Use its master as the master for the slaves, and insert the slaves just after \fIother\fR in the packing order. .TP \fB\-anchor \fIanchor\fR \fIAnchor\fR must be a valid anchor position such as \fBn\fR or \fBsw\fR; it specifies where to position each slave in its parcel. Defaults to \fBcenter\fR. .TP \fB\-before \fIother\fR \fIOther\fR must the name of another window. Use its master as the master for the slaves, and insert the slaves just before \fIother\fR in the packing order. .TP \fB\-expand \fIboolean\fR Specifies whether the slaves should be expanded to consume extra space in their master. \fIBoolean\fR may have any proper boolean value, such as \fB1\fR or \fBno\fR. Defaults to 0. .TP \fB\-fill \fIstyle\fR If a slave's parcel is larger than its requested dimensions, this option may be used to stretch the slave. \fIStyle\fR must have one of the following values: .RS .TP \fBnone\fR Give the slave its requested dimensions plus any internal padding requested with \fB\-ipadx\fR or \fB\-ipady\fR. This is the default. .TP \fBx\fR Stretch the slave horizontally to fill the entire width of its parcel (except leave external padding as specified by \fB\-padx\fR). .TP \fBy\fR Stretch the slave vertically to fill the entire height of its parcel (except leave external padding as specified by \fB\-pady\fR). .TP \fBboth\fR Stretch the slave both horizontally and vertically. .RE .TP \fB\-in \fIother\fR Insert the slave(s) at the end of the packing order for the master window given by \fIother\fR. .TP \fB\-ipadx \fIamount\fR \fIAmount\fR specifies how much horizontal internal padding to leave on each side of the slave(s). \fIAmount\fR must be a valid screen distance, such as \fB2\fR or \fB.5c\fR. It defaults to 0. .TP \fB\-ipady \fIamount\fR \fIAmount\fR specifies how much vertical internal padding to leave on each side of the slave(s). \fIAmount\fR defaults to 0. .TP \fB\-padx \fIamount\fR \fIAmount\fR specifies how much horizontal external padding to leave on each side of the slave(s). \fIAmount\fR may be a list of two values to specify padding for left and right separately. \fIAmount\fR defaults to 0. .TP \fB\-pady \fIamount\fR \fIAmount\fR specifies how much vertical external padding to leave on each side of the slave(s). \fIAmount\fR may be a list of two values to specify padding for top and bottom separately. \fIAmount\fR defaults to 0. .TP \fB\-side \fIside\fR Specifies which side of the master the slave(s) will be packed against. Must be \fBleft\fR, \fBright\fR, \fBtop\fR, or \fBbottom\fR. Defaults to \fBtop\fR. .LP If no \fB\-in\fR, \fB\-after\fR or \fB\-before\fR option is specified then each of the slaves will be inserted at the end of the packing list for its parent unless it is already managed by the packer (in which case it will be left where it is). If one of these options is specified then all the slaves will be inserted at the specified point. If any of the slaves are already managed by the geometry manager then any unspecified options for them retain their previous values rather than receiving default values. .RE .TP \fBpack forget \fIslave \fR?\fIslave ...\fR? Removes each of the \fIslave\fRs from the packing order for its master and unmaps their windows. The slaves will no longer be managed by the packer. .TP \fBpack info \fIslave\fR Returns a list whose elements are the current configuration state of the slave given by \fIslave\fR in the same option-value form that might be specified to \fBpack configure\fR. The first two elements of the list are ``\fB\-in \fImaster\fR'' where \fImaster\fR is the slave's master. .TP \fBpack propagate \fImaster\fR ?\fIboolean\fR? If \fIboolean\fR has a true boolean value such as \fB1\fR or \fBon\fR then propagation is enabled for \fImaster\fR, which must be a window name (see ``GEOMETRY PROPAGATION'' below). If \fIboolean\fR has a false boolean value then propagation is disabled for \fImaster\fR. In either of these cases an empty string is returned. If \fIboolean\fR is omitted then the command returns \fB0\fR or \fB1\fR to indicate whether propagation is currently enabled for \fImaster\fR. Propagation is enabled by default. .TP \fBpack slaves \fImaster\fR Returns a list of all of the slaves in the packing order for \fImaster\fR. The order of the slaves in the list is the same as their order in the packing order. If \fImaster\fR has no slaves then an empty string is returned. .SH "THE PACKER ALGORITHM" .PP For each master the packer maintains an ordered list of slaves called the \fIpacking list\fR. The \fB\-in\fR, \fB\-after\fR, and \fB\-before\fR configuration options are used to specify the master for each slave and the slave's position in the packing list. If none of these options is given for a slave then the slave is added to the end of the packing list for its parent. .PP The packer arranges the slaves for a master by scanning the packing list in order. At the time it processes each slave, a rectangular area within the master is still unallocated. This area is called the \fIcavity\fR; for the first slave it is the entire area of the master. .PP For each slave the packer carries out the following steps: .IP [1] The packer allocates a rectangular \fIparcel\fR for the slave along the side of the cavity given by the slave's \fB\-side\fR option. If the side is top or bottom then the width of the parcel is the width of the cavity and its height is the requested height of the slave plus the \fB\-ipady\fR and \fB\-pady\fR options. For the left or right side the height of the parcel is the height of the cavity and the width is the requested width of the slave plus the \fB\-ipadx\fR and \fB\-padx\fR options. The parcel may be enlarged further because of the \fB\-expand\fR option (see ``EXPANSION'' below) .IP [2] The packer chooses the dimensions of the slave. The width will normally be the slave's requested width plus twice its \fB\-ipadx\fR option and the height will normally be the slave's requested height plus twice its \fB\-ipady\fR option. However, if the \fB\-fill\fR option is \fBx\fR or \fBboth\fR then the width of the slave is expanded to fill the width of the parcel, minus twice the \fB\-padx\fR option. If the \fB\-fill\fR option is \fBy\fR or \fBboth\fR then the height of the slave is expanded to fill the width of the parcel, minus twice the \fB\-pady\fR option. .IP [3] The packer positions the slave over its parcel. If the slave is smaller than the parcel then the \fB\-anchor\fR option determines where in the parcel the slave will be placed. If \fB\-padx\fR or \fB\-pady\fR is non-zero, then the given amount of external padding will always be left between the slave and the edges of the parcel. .PP Once a given slave has been packed, the area of its parcel is subtracted from the cavity, leaving a smaller rectangular cavity for the next slave. If a slave doesn't use all of its parcel, the unused space in the parcel will not be used by subsequent slaves. If the cavity should become too small to meet the needs of a slave then the slave will be given whatever space is left in the cavity. If the cavity shrinks to zero size, then all remaining slaves on the packing list will be unmapped from the screen until the master window becomes large enough to hold them again. .SH "EXPANSION" .PP If a master window is so large that there will be extra space left over after all of its slaves have been packed, then the extra space is distributed uniformly among all of the slaves for which the \fB\-expand\fR option is set. Extra horizontal space is distributed among the expandable slaves whose \fB\-side\fR is \fBleft\fR or \fBright\fR, and extra vertical space is distributed among the expandable slaves whose \fB\-side\fR is \fBtop\fR or \fBbottom\fR. .SH "GEOMETRY PROPAGATION" .PP The packer normally computes how large a master must be to just exactly meet the needs of its slaves, and it sets the requested width and height of the master to these dimensions. This causes geometry information to propagate up through a window hierarchy to a top-level window so that the entire sub-tree sizes itself to fit the needs of the leaf windows. However, the \fBpack propagate\fR command may be used to turn off propagation for one or more masters. If propagation is disabled then the packer will not set the requested width and height of the packer. This may be useful if, for example, you wish for a master window to have a fixed size that you specify. .SH "RESTRICTIONS ON MASTER WINDOWS" .PP The master for each slave must either be the slave's parent (the default) or a descendant of the slave's parent. This restriction is necessary to guarantee that the slave can be placed over any part of its master that is visible without danger of the slave being clipped by its parent. .SH "PACKING ORDER" .PP If the master for a slave is not its parent then you must make sure that the slave is higher in the stacking order than the master. Otherwise the master will obscure the slave and it will appear as if the slave hasn't been packed correctly. The easiest way to make sure the slave is higher than the master is to create the master window first: the most recently created window will be highest in the stacking order. Or, you can use the \fBraise\fR and \fBlower\fR commands to change the stacking order of either the master or the slave. .SH EXAMPLE .CS # Make the widgets label .t \-text "This widget is at the top" \-bg red label .b \-text "This widget is at the bottom" \-bg green label .l \-text "Left\\nHand\\nSide" label .r \-text "Right\\nHand\\nSide" text .mid \.mid insert end "This layout is like Java's BorderLayout" # Lay them out \fBpack\fR .t \-side top \-fill x \fBpack\fR .b \-side bottom \-fill x \fBpack\fR .l \-side left \-fill y \fBpack\fR .r \-side right \-fill y \fBpack\fR .mid \-expand 1 \-fill both .CE .SH "SEE ALSO" grid(n), place(n) .SH KEYWORDS geometry manager, location, packer, parcel, propagation, size